Most medieval manuscripts, illuminated or not, were written on parchment most commonly of calf, sheep, or goat skin but most manuscripts important enough to illuminate were written on the best quality of parchment, called vellum. Beginning in the Late Middle Ages, manuscripts began to be produced on paper
The parchment of calfskin used to make the manuscript and then they were cut in shapes by monks. Lines and designed were drawn and coloured. Natural chemicals and plants were used to bring out other colours. Iron, tree bark, and nuts were boiled to make black ink.
Explanation:
Illuminated manuscripts were extremely significant in Medieval Europe. It was first created in the 6th century and later became popular during the 15th century. Illuminated manuscripts played an essential role in churches and monasteries as they were considered to be a symbolize textual literacy, material culture, and devotion. Illuminated manuscripts created using natural materials including, parchment, mineral-derived paints, gold, and silver. Each manuscript was carefully illustrated, gilded, and written by monks with their hands. The parchment of calfskin used in manuscripts also called Vellum. The Paper came into use in the 11th century because they were easy to handle.
