Option B. One advantage of a federation is that citizens can participate at multiple levels of government, but one disadvantage is that overlapping national and local services may be wasteful.
Explanation:
A federation is a political entity that is characterized by a union of partially self-governing states that are all under a central federal government. One of the advantages of federation is that it gives the citizens the possibility of participating at multiple levels of government either locally in their states or nationally at a federal level. On other other hand, a disadvantage of this type of political entity is that overlapping national and local services can sometimes be wasteful in terms of human resources and finances. If a task is being done at a local level but the national government states that the task it's also under their responsibility, then it may be possible that two sets of government's agents are conducting the same task at the same time.
The American West was indeed a land of great opportunity from 1865 to 1900 in the sense that there was an abundance of land and resources available to all those willing to go west.
