The primary reason why the Byzantine invaded the Turks was due to the significance of the empire and other holy lads that were grabbed by the pope and supplied troop during the crusades. He Byzantine, therefore, led to many battles that kept on shifting from one power to another through replicated tactics because of the practice earlier years by the Romans.
The Muslims however conquered Asia through the initiation program that they had begun during their mission.
The correct option is D. Providing fire and police protection might be carried out privately but they are in fact conducted by the government. The government play an active role in taking care of the well being of the society at large.
The answer to your question is they opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution because they feared a strong national government and a lack of protection for individual rights.