. They were all rulers during the Mogul Dynasty.
Agricultural civilizations such as Babylon insisted on harsh punishments for crimes given that they did not have ample resources to build jails or prisons where the criminals would be sentenced to. As a result, they imposed harsh punishments which also served to deter would be offenders
The most likely answer why Western Europe became so successful in global politics was B - the chinese policy of isolation in my opinion.
China was a very advanced country which was at the same time extremely powerful and vast, putting it mildly. However, their choice of being an isolationist country made room for the smaller European countries to be at the center stage of world politics.
