A more positive word for argument is discussion
You have not given the options to choose from, but if Wikipedia is one of the answer choices, then it is most likely that.
The essential appositive in the sentence "astronomer maia mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 and went on to become the first professional female astronomer in the united states," is Maia Mitchel. The last option is correct.
An appositive consists on a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words.
In this particular case, the words Maia Mitchell which is a proper noun is renaming the noun astronomer, which is right before it and constitutes the subject of the sentence.
Both A and C are true but if you are to only chose one i would say A.
What is the article called? because without the article i don’t understand the question so do you have a link to it or picture