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Answer:
Oswald Hope Robertson (2 June 1886 – 23 March 1966) was an English-born medical scientist who pioneered the idea of blood banks in the "blood depots" he established in 1917 during service in France with the US Army Medical Corps.
Explanation:
Answer:
The Day of Reconciliation, celebrated on December 16th by the republic of South Africa each year has the purpose of promote reconciliation and national unity and the fight against oppression suffered by the black community.
Explanation:
Though, originally its meaning was different and changed since 1838 (known originally as Dingane’s day) several times during history, after Mandela’s wining, since 1995 was stablished as a celebration which united both the feelings of the natives as well as the Afrikaners (white people) and is establish as a day of forgiveness and union for the entire South African nation, regardless of skin color, strengthening the principles of non-segregation, forgetfulness of resentment and differences that Mandela implemented as his ideology and that are outlined in the actual South Africa’s constitution nowadays.
Answer:
While African resistance to European colonialism is often thought of in terms of a white and black/European and African power struggle, this presumption underestimates the complex and strategic thinking that Africans commonly employed to address the challenges of European colonial rule. It also neglects the colonial-era power dynamic of which African societies and institutions were essential components.
After the Berlin Conference of 1884–85, at which the most powerful European countries agreed upon rules for laying claim to particular African territories, the British, French, Germans, Italians, Spanish, Belgians, and Portuguese set about formally implementing strategies for the long-term occupation and control of Africa. The conquest had begun decades earlier—and in the case of Angola and South Africa, centuries earlier. But after the Berlin Conference it became more systematic and overt.
The success of the European conquest and the nature of African resistance must be seen in light of Western Europe's long history of colonial rule and economic exploitation around the world. In fact, by 1885 Western Europeans had mastered the art of divide, conquer, and rule, honing their skills over four hundred years of imperialism and exploitation in the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. In addition, the centuries of extremely violent, protracted warfare among themselves, combined with the technological advances of the Industrial Revolution, produced unmatched military might. When, rather late in the period of European colonial expansion, Europeans turned to Africa to satisfy their greed for resources, prestige, and empire, they quickly worked their way into African societies to gain allies and proxies, and to co-opt the conquered kings and chiefs, all to further their exploits. Consequently, the African responses to this process, particularly the ways in which they resisted it, were complex.
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