Answer:
Winter
Explanation:
Russia's winter is known to be extremly harsh. The winter even stopped Napoleon from invading Russia. As the Germans were advancing towards Russia, they became low on equipment and food. Especially because they are now further away from their base. The Russians obvisouly have experince in fighting in the harsh weather, giving them an ultimate advantage, leading to their victory.
A) using an earlier case as a guide.
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Pretty sure it's B. They both have a strong centralized government