Both.
As a result of the Crusades, Europe saw tremendous intellectual growth, a strengthening of the merchant class through expansion in trade and the rise of new banking institutions. Unfortunately, all of these benefits came at the tremendous cost of lost lives and fortunes.
Answer:
Colonial powers justified their rule through Social Darwinism and Racism.
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Creation of various tools and weapons was the main technological advancement of the Paleolithic Age. Besides bows and arrows, Paleolithic people made hand tools and weapons from materials like stone, bone, wood, and antler.
