First, the Market Revolution—the shift from an agricultural economy to one based on wages and the exchange of goods and services—completely changed the northern and western economy between 1820 and 1860. After Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin and perfected manufacturing with interchangeable parts, the North experienced a manufacturing boom that continued well into the next century. Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical mower-reaper also revolutionized grain production in the West. Internal improvements such as the Erie Canal and the Cumberland Road, combined with new modes of transportation such as the steamboat and railroad, allowed goods and crops to flow easily and cheaply between the agricultural West and manufacturing North. The growth of manufacturing also spawned the wage labor system.
Second, American society urbanized drastically during this era. The United States had been a land comprised almost entirely of farmers, but around 1820, millions of people began to move to the cities. They, along with several million Irish and German immigrants, flooded northern cities to find jobs in the new industrial economy. The advent of the wage labor system played a large role in transforming the social fabric because it gave birth to America’s first middle class. Comprised mostly of white-collar workers and skilled laborers, this growing middle class became the driving force behind a variety of reform movements. Among these were movements to reduce consumption of alcohol, eliminate prostitution, improve prisons and insane asylums, improve education, and ban slavery. Religious revivalism, resulting from the Second Great Awakening, also had a large impact on American life in all parts of the country.
Third, the major political struggles during the antebellum period focused on states’ rights. Southern states were dominated by “states’ righters”—those who believed that the individual states should have the final say in matters of interpreting the Constitution. Inspired by the old Democratic-Republicans, John C. Calhoun argued in his “South Carolina Exposition and Protest” essay that the states had the right to nullify laws that they deemed unconstitutional because the states themselves had created the Constitution. Others, such as President Andrew Jackson and Chief Justice John Marshall, believed that the federal government had authority over the states. The debate came to a head in the Nullification Crisis of 1832–1833, which nearly touched off a civil war.
Answer:
The Bessemer steel process affected westward expansion in the United States by enabling? clipper ships to be built in order to transport passengers from the East Coast to the West Coast. interstate canal systems to be built in order to transport agricultural goods from west to east.
Explanation:
After Hitler came to power in 1933, he blamed Germany's defeat in World War I primarily on "<span>b. Jews and Communists," although he reserved more blame for the Jews specifically. </span>
Martin Luther King Jr was born Michael Luther King Jr but his grandfather changed his name to Martin
Answer:
With the Act of Supremacy of 1534 of the king, Henry VIII makes England a Protestant country and can divorce Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn
Explanation:
The marriage of Henry and Anna, as well as her subsequent execution, made her a key figure in the political and religious upheavals that marked the beginning of the Reformation in England.
At the time of the meeting with his future lover in 1522, Henry VIII was married to Catherine of Aragon, who gave birth to the the only surviving child, Mary (the future Queen of England, Mary I, known as Mary the Bloody), and was in a relationship with her lovers: Bessie Blount and Maria Boleyn.
Not getting, being married to the queen, the long-awaited male heir, Henry VIII cooled down to his wife, who disappointed him, relations with constant favorites got bored. Having met Anna, the king became interested in her. Having received consent from Anna to become his wife, Henry VIII began to search for a solution to divorce Catherine of Aragon. It is likely that the idea of annulment of marriage (not divorce in the modern sense) came to Henry much earlier than meeting Anna and was motivated by his desire to have an heir to ensure the stability and legitimacy of the Tudor dynasty on the throne of England. In 1531, he asserts his supremacy over the English Church. The king stripped the church of the privilege of non-jurisdiction and the privilege of levying taxes on wills, the largest source of income for the church. Thus, the formation of the Church of England was legislatively fixed, in which all the secular and doctrinal power was concentrated in the hands of the monarch. This gave him the opportunity to invalidate the marriage with Catherine.
