Answer:
1. Allele
2. Dominant
3. Genotype
4. Heterozygous
5. Homozygous
6. Hybrid
Explanation:
Allele can be defined as a variation of a gene. A gene for a particular trait can come in different forms, depending on what was inherited from the parents. For example, freckles is a trait that can be inherited from a parent. One parent who has freckles and another without can still have children with or without freckles.
Dominant allele typically masks the recessive allele. This means that whatever the trait the dominant allele expresses, will show up physically, even when an organism possesses a recessive allele.
The genotype of an organism shows the genes. It is represented by letters. A capital letter usually represents the dominant trait, while a lower case latter represents the recessive trait. For example, F represents Freckles, while f represents no freckles. Freckles is the dominant trait while no freckles is the recessive trait.
When the genes or not identical, using the example above, Ff, this means that the organism is HETEROZYGOUS for the trait. In cases like this, the dominant trait is usually expressed. So in this organism with Ff, freckles will be expressed.
On the other hand when the genes are homozygous, it means that they have two alleles present for that specific trait. Again, using the example earlier:
FF = Freckles
ff = no freckles
Notice that the genotype shows the same allele for the specific trait.
When a cross between parents that has different phenotypes of a specific traits occurs, they create a hybrid. For example, FF x ff
If we cross this, the offsprings will have a genotype of Ff. Notice that the offspring genotype are not similar to the ones of the parents.
