They got showered in gold and riches
The first world war placed an unbearable strain on Russia's weak government and economy, resulting in mass shortages and hunger. In the meantime, the mismanagement and failures of the war turned the people and soldiers against the Tsar whose decision to take personal command of the army seemed to make him personally responsible for the defeats. In March 1917, the Tsar first lost control of the streets, then the soldiers, and finally of the Duma, resulting in his forced abdication on March 15th, 1917.
The winds of revolution sweeping Egypt today aren’t the first that have ravaged that nation.
Most history textbooks open with a description of ancient Egypt as a towering civilization that, for more than a millennium, led mankind’s intellectual, political and cultural advancement. Each year, millions of visitors marvel at the pyramids jutting from Egypt’s dunes, at the mummified remains of the ancient pharaohs, and at Egypt’s mountains of other artifacts and relics—all testimony to the power the civilization once held.
But perhaps the most striking facet of Egyptian history is its precipitous fall.
Modern-day Egyptians, after all, are not descended from those ancient societies that constructed the Giza Pyramid Complex, the Great Sphinx, and other momentous structures. They have no connection to the early dynastic peoples that pioneered new frontiers in science, mathematics and art, and that once dominated the civilized world. Today’s Egypt is inhabited and ruled by Arabs; before that it was under British control; before that it was controlled by various Muslim peoples, including the Ottomans; before that it was the Romans; before that the Greeks; and before that the Persians.
Egypt has resurfaced intermittently in the past 2,500 years of world history,but always as the territory of a foreign nation or empire. What happened toancient Egypt—the unique and independent civilization established by the pharaohs, the nation that once reigned over mankind? That Egypt has clearly vanished.
