Answer:
<u>b. learning occurs independently of reinforcement</u>
Explanation:
Edward C. Tolman was one of the famous American psychologists who was best known for his research on 'cognitive maps', latent learning theory, cognitive behaviorism, and intervening variable.
According to Tolman, an individual has the capability of doing more than merely responding to certain stimuli, instead, he or she acts on attitudes, beliefs, strive towards specific goals, and a few changing conditions. He was considered as the only behaviorists who don't accept the "stimulus-response theory", as he believed that reinforcement wasn't required for learning.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-b.
That statement is true - assuming that you are talking about queries in search engine.
for example, John from <em>London </em>type this query on his search engine " Mc Donalds <u>Manchester </u>Area"
Macnhester is the explicit location, because it is found insde the query
Meanwhile, London become the implicit location because it is the location where John Type the query
Answer:
c. it is a pure market economy.
