The question is asking to choose among the following choices that made Americans so willing to engage in stock market speculation in 1920s'. Based on my research and further understanding, I would say that the answer would be Speculation helped many low-income people move to the middle class.
FALSE. Madison and Hamilton were Federalists, which means they wanted the new US Constitution to be aproved. Both of them, along with John Jay, wrote 85 essays tittled "The Federalists Papers" defending the constitution. (Hamilton wrote 51, Madison wrote 29, and Jay wrote 5)