Answers:
a) carcinogenic
b) anti-carcinogenic
c) carcinogenic
d) carcinogenic
e) carcinogenic
f) anti-carcinogenic
g) anti-carcinogenic
h) anti-carcinogenic
Explanation:
Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression through the cell cycle, i.e., the transition of G1 to S phase. It is well known that high cyclin expression may lead to cell proliferation states, which is closely associated with cancer progression. Moreover, the blockage of cyclins may have an anti-carcinogenic effect by inhibiting the progression through the cell cycle. MAP kinases are serine/threonine kinases that regulate the progression through the cell cycle by phosphorylating a variety of substrates during cell proliferation. In consequence, phosphatases that inactivate MAPK kinases (i.e., by dephosphorylation) may have an anticarcinogenic effect. The p53 is a tumor suppressor protein involved in diverse cellular processes including DNA repair, cycle arrest and programmed cell death. This protein (p53) is activated by phosphorylation at target residues and phosphatases inactivate it, thereby the blockage of its degradation may have an anticarcinogenic effect. Oncogene activation (i.e., the expression of oncogenes), may alter diverse cellular processes including DNA replication, and thereby may lead to cancer development. The G-protein α subunit is a GTPase that hydrolyses GTP and thus has a major role in controlling the kinetics of the G-protein signaling cascade. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) are kinase receptors that play roles in regulating cellular differentiation, cell proliferation and cell growth. PDGFR receptors are present on the surface of normal cells, however, it has been shown that mutations of the PDGFR genes that lead to their high expression lead to uncontrolled cell growth and consequently cause cancer (i.e., by increasing PDGF signaling).
A swimmer sprints a short distance for competition. The swimmer is not able to take in enough oxygen to make the ATP needed for the sprint. Which of the following processes is most likely going to occur in the swimmer's muscle cells during the competition? (2 points)
A. Aerobic respiration would continue until oxygen is no longer available, leading to cell death.
B. Aerobic respiration will continue to make the same amount of ATP since oxygen is not required.
C. Anaerobic respiration would be used to produce small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
D. Anaerobic respiration will produce more ATP than the process used in the presence of oxygen.
<u>Answer:</u>
A swimmer sprints a short distance for competition. The swimmer is not able to take in enough oxygen to make the ATP needed for the sprint. Anaerobic respiration would be used to produce small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen and it is the process happens in the swimmer's muscle cells during competition.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- A Swimming sprinter will spend his maximum energy while to cover a short distance in his competition. Quickly he will reduce his oxygen level.
- Oxygen will produce an ATP molecule (Adenosine Triphosphate) which is required for a sprinter.
- The ATP molecule will produce energy for the cells. Aerobic respiration takes place only when in the presence of oxygen.
- While swimming they will not get enough oxygen so the Anaerobic respiration takes place to produce ATP molecule.
My theory is that . Mybe it changed because the flavor composition of the cracker changed or it dissolved in the saliva.
THEORY. :'3
Answer:
the correct answer is D
Explanation:
skin excretes sweat; lungs excrete carbon dioxide; kidneys excretes urine so these organs excrete metabolic waste because if you have learnt about the excretory system, you will come to know the process of excretion and how we humans excrete metabolic and toxic waste from the body.
The answer is False. The mediastinum is not a cartilage that
forms the lower portion of the breast bone, the mediastinum is the middle part
of the chest cavity, which is located between the lungs of an individual. The
Mediastinum is the area located between the lungs, it contains organs such as
the heart and its large arteries and veins. It may also include the trachea,
the esophagus, the bronchi and last but not the least the lymph nodes.
