We will need the excerpt to answer this question. Let me know if you add it or if my phone just isn’t loading.
The answer is a simile. This is because similes compare two things (these things here are his life and the dusty yards) by using like or as (specifically here as).
The other ones don't make sense: nothing is being over exaggerated (hyperbole), there are no repeating consonants (alliteration), and there are no human characteristics being given to inhuman subjects (personification).
D is correct.
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Explained is the action verb.
The activity director is completing the action of explaining the context rules.
D) shoe is to foot
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