A word or phrase that modifies a word not included in the sentence is a B. dangling modifier.
For example:
Knowing that it was getting cold outside, the pizza tasted very good.
Choice a : Explains what the nations need to do and elaborates some.
--wrong answers--
Choice b only gives a statement of what the nations need to do.
Choice c is a question.
What do you need help with
A is correct
B is the Past Continuous Tense
C is the Future Tense
D is the Simple Present Tense
He shows someone who took control of his own destiny after a tragedy.
