Answer:
Cellular differentiation is the process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type.
Stem cells can become a variety of types of cells, while differentiated cells like red blood cells are fully specialized cell types. ... A stem cell produces a mesoderm cell, which can then further differentiate to form a muscle stem cell. From there it differentiates into a smooth muscle cell.
The incorporation of valinomycin, a neutral antibiotic, into a polyvinyl chloride membrane allows for the manufacture of an ion-selective electrode that is highly selective for potassium.
<h3>How Valinomycin Ionophores Enter and Transport K+ across Model Lipid Bilayer Membranes?</h3>
- A biomimetic lipid membrane attached to the surface of the gold electrode contained the cyclic peptide valinomycin.
- The ionophore characteristics of the peptide were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the conformation and orientation of the antibiotic valinomycin within the membrane were identified using polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy.
- By forming a complex with potassium ions and an ion pair with a counter anion, valinomycin transports ions across the membrane, and the combination of these two techniques revealed novel information about the ionophore mechanism.
- The ion pair is located inside the hydrophobic portion of the membrane and makes a little angle of around 22° with the surface normal.
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A heterogeneous mixture is where two or more substances that form the mixture, are <u>not</u> evenly distributed throughout