As Islam spread in Mecca, the ruling tribes began to oppose Muhammad's preaching and his condemnation of idolatry. The Quraysh tribe controlled the Kaaba and drew their religious and political power from its polytheistic shrines, so they began to persecute the Muslims and many of Muhammad's followers became martyrs.
Answer:
The Sixteen Kingdoms ruled throughout the period
Explanation:
The period between the Han dynasty and the Sui dynasty in China was a period of chaos, warfare, and constant change of rulers. It is the period in which the so called Sixteen Kingdoms ruled. They were mostly kingdoms formed by smaller ethnic groups in the northern part of China. In order to get as much territory and wealth as possible, these kingdoms were in constant war between each other and with anyone else standing on their way. This period of the Sixteen Kingdoms lasted for 125 years. Soon after, the Sui dynasty emerged, and it managed to finally put things under control.
Maybe a contrast I think that might help!
This event in history was known as the Black Death.