Zimbardo does not justify their actions, only explains how these abuses likely developed under certain conditions.
In the article, Zimbardo refers to his own experiments about human behavior in certain conditions to explain the reasons behind the soldiers' behavior. He states that their mental state allowed for their actions because of "stress, fear, boredom and heat exhaustion, coupled with no supervision, no training, and no accountability." In the text he never states that their behavior is acceptable or justified given the conditions, he is merely explaining how good people can do bad things. <span> </span>
The paragraph first says what is being compared and contrasted, then it says what they have in common by using the word "both." The phrase "on the other hand" shows that they're being contrasted.
In "The Gift of the Magi," O. Henry most likely uses the irony of the couple's gifts to express the theme that expensive gifts are sometimes a mistake. love and sacrifice for others is the highest virtue