Answer:
Present value calculator calculates the PV of a single amount. ... of illustration, you would rather receive $10,000 today rather than wait a year. ... This rate-of-return calculator solves for the ROR for one invested amount. ... Enter the calculated present value, the discount rate as the annual interest rate ... advertisement 2 short.
Explanation:
Answer to Question 1:
The forces that had lessened the importance of the cost and management accounting systems in today's dynamic world are as under:
- The ancient bookkeeping and the costing techniques were very time consuming and the accounting systems were also not integrated with the financial accounting systems. Today we have very robust and integrated systems which helps the management of the business operations nation wide with greater security and better performance than the previous old versions.
- The complexity of the organization operations have resulted in origination of additional management accounting techniques that were adapted in the form of automated software, that are used to produce management reports on daily, weekly, monthly and yearly basis. The examples include the Throughput costing, Activity based costing, Bench-marking techniques, etc.
- The activities automation has led to attaining of maximum efficiency possible in some areas which wasn't possible in the past. The robots management systems, activity automation, etc has increased the fixed cost share in the total cost and the variable cost has become a very minute share of the total cost of the activity. This variable cost which is often referred to as controllable cost, is very less in percentage share of total cost today than 10 years back. In the future, we will see it as a very very very small share of total cost. This makes the today's management costing techniques obsolete and requires new solutions, new techniques, new softwares, etc. to manage the companies operations.
Answer to Question 2:
The target costing is a costing technique that helps to reduce the cost of the company operations by setting cost targets for the operations. The first step under target costing is to set a selling price for the product and the second step is to set the target profit margin. Now at this position we are able to derive the target cost by taking the difference of profit margin and the selling price of the product. At this stage the actions and reforms required to achieve this target cost are determined and implemented in the current operating activities. The best part of the target costing is that it says that the pricing though matters but the main aspect of a product success is its cost controls. If the company is able to control the cost of the product then it can control the movement of prices in the market. So target costing specially focuses and stresses upon cost control procedures.
As Target costing is all about cost controlling and can be applied to any sector. In Ghana, target costing will help to control the cost of the services that the banking sector renders to its customers. This reduction in services cost can be achieved by automation, installation of new softwares, Investing in automated teller machines, etc. By gaining efficiencies, the banking sector will substantially reduce its cost thus achieving its target cost.
By achieving the target cost the bank will have to sell at the same rate as the bank had invested its time and money in efficiency gaining activities. There are a lot of activities and products that can be automated and that can help to achieve the target cost. For example, promoting internet banking will reduce the cost of ATM management, paper cost, management time, additional branch opening or extension of building, etc. We can see how easily internet banking will assist the banking sector to achieve its target costs.
<span>National Crime Victimization Survey,Have an wonderful day!
</span>National Crime Victimization Survey Resource GuideAbout NCVS
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) series, previously called the National Crime Survey (NCS), has been collecting data on personal and household victimization since 1973. An ongoing survey of a nationally representative sample of residential addresses, the NCVS is the primary source of information on the characteristics of criminal victimization and on the number and types of crimes not reported to law enforcement authorities. It provides the largest national forum for victims to describe the impact of crime and characteristics of violent offenders. Twice each year, data are obtained from a nationally representative sample of roughly 49,000 households comprising about 100,000 persons on the frequency, characteristics, and consequences of criminal victimization in the United States. The survey is administered by the U.S. Census Bureau (under the U.S. Department of Commerce) on behalf of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (under the U.S. Department of Justice).
The NCVS was designed with four primary objectives: (1) to develop detailed information about the victims and consequences of crime, (2) to estimate the number and types of crimes not reported to the police, (3) to provide uniform measures of selected types of crimes, and (4) to permit comparisons over time and types of areas. The survey categorizes crimes as "personal" or "property." Personal crimes cover rape and sexual attack, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, and purse-snatching/pocket-picking, while property crimes cover burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and vandalism. The data from the NCVS survey are particularly useful for calculating crime rates, both aggregated and disaggregated, and for determining changes in crime rates from year to year.
Answer:
New home sales and existing home sales are released each month at about the same time. Many comparisons are made between the two series, but before doing any comparisons, one must be aware of some definition differences that affect the timing of the statistics.
The Census Bureau collects new home sales based upon the following definition: "A sale of the new house occurs with the signing of a sales contract or the acceptance of a deposit." The house can be in any stage of construction: not yet started, under construction, or already completed. Typically about 25% of the houses are sold at the time of completion. The remaining 75% are evenly split between those not yet started and those under construction.
Existing home sales data are provided by the National Association of Realtors®. According to them, "the majority of transactions are reported when the sales contract is closed." Most transactions usually involve a mortgage which takes 30-60 days to close. Therefore an existing home sale (closing) most likely involves a sales contract that was signed a month or two prior.
Given the difference in definition, new home sales usually lead existing home sales regarding changes in the residential sales market by a month or two. For example, an existing home sale in January, was probably signed 30 to 45 days earlier which would have been in November or December. This is based on the usual time it takes to obtain and close a mortgage.
Effective with January 2005, the National Association of Realtors created a new monthly series to overcome the lagging effect of the existing home sales definition. This new series is called Pending Home Sales and is based on sales of existing homes where the contract has been signed but the transaction has not been closed, making it roughly equivalent to the new home sales definition. Monthly estimates are expressed as an index where the year 2001 has been set to equal 100.0.
Explanation:
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested
IRR can be calculated with a financial calculator
Flying Car
Cash flow in year 0 = -$200,000
Cash flow in year 1 = 50,000
Cash flow in year 2 = 50,000
Cash flow in year 3 =80,000
Cash flow in year 4 =100,000
IRR = 13%
To find the IRR using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. After inputting all the cash flows, press the IRR button and then press the compute button.
