Transcription factors are necessary for an initiation of transcription at a regulated gene but not sufficient.
Transcription is the first step of gene expression in which DNA molecule is copied (transcribed) into RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase. The process of transcription is divided into three phases:
1. Initiation
• RNA polymerase with transcriptional factors bind to gene promoter Transcription factors can enhance the interaction between RNA polymerase and a DNA sequence- promoter, encouraging the expression of the gene. Such transcription factors are called activators. Otherwise, when the gene expression is inhibited, factors are called repressors and they bind to sequence –operator.
• RNA polymerase unwinds DNA double helix (transcription bubble is formed)
2. Elongation
• RNA polymerases adds nucleotides complementary to DNA
3. Termination
• RNA polymerase gets to stop codon (transcribes a sequence of DNA known as a terminator)
• Formed complementary RNA strand is released from DNA-RNA complex
Organisms need energy to conduct essential life activities. Basically, energy is essential to every organisms because it is their source of power to get food and to reproduce. Without it, organisms would not function properly and will soon die.
0.1 M solution of a disaccharide solution will contain 2000 monosaccharide molecules.
<h3>What are monosaccharides?</h3>
Monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars are the simplest monomers of carbohydrates which may either be 3 carbon, 4 carbon, 5 carbon, 6 carbon or 7 carbo compounds.
There are two types of monosaccharides;
- aldoses sugars, e.g. glucose, and
- ketose sugars e.g. fructose.
When two monosaccharides are linked together by glycosidic bonds to form a single compound, the compound formed is called a disaccharide.
Considering the give question:
Suppose a 0.1M solution of a monosaccharide contains 1000 monosaccharide molecules. How many monosaccharide molecules would be in a 0.1 M solution of a disaccharide.
The number of monosaccharides molecules present in the 0.1 M solution of a disaccharide is determined as follows:
1 disaccharide molecule contains 2 monosaccharide molecules
0.1M solution of a monosaccharide contains 1000 monosaccharide molecules.
0.1 M solution of a disaccharide will contain 2 * 1000 monosaccharide molecules
0.1 M solution of a disaccharide will contain = 2000 monosaccharide molecules.
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Non-prokaryotic organisms typically have two life cycle stages: trophozoite and cyst is Protozoa.
<h3>What is Protozoa?</h3>
- Protozoa is a group of single celled, non- prokaryotic organisms.
- These may either be free living or parasitic in nature.
- These are heterotrophs and reproduce asexually by binary fission.
- The Protozoa consists of many unrelated or loosely related organisms.
- They are divided into four major groups: Sarcodina, Flagellates, Ciliates and Sporozoans..
- Some protozoa consist of two phases in their life cycle: proliferative stage (trophozoites) and resting stage (cysts).
- Trophozoites consists of the proliferative stage in which the protozoa divides and reproduces.
- The resting cyst form helps the protozoa to survive harsh environmental conditions like harmful chemicals, extreme temperature and nutrient and water deficiency.
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The normal, or emmetropic, eye accommodates properly.
