Answer:
On December 1, 1934 Sergei Kirov, head of the Leningrad branch of the Communist Party, was assassinated in his office. Initially, it was believed that Joseph Stalin ordered his killing. But why? Earlier in the year at elections for the Central Committee, Kirov supposedly received significantly fewer negative votes than Stalin did, thereby demoting Stalin from General Secretary to simply Secretary. Stalin regarded Kirov as a serious enemy, especially when he formed an anti-Stalin group. Stalin wasted no time allowing people to believe it was he who had Kirov murdered. He quickly took revenge upon other enemies, Lev Kamenev and Grigorii Zinoviev, by implicating them in Kirov’s death. They agreed to accept responsibility in return for a light sentence. In 1936, they were retried and both condemned to death. This intensely violent moment is an important point in Stalin’s Great Terror that he inflicted upon the Soviet Union in the late 1930s.
Explanation:
c) the Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation became the first "law of the land" for the United States in 1781, 4 years after it was created. However, it was not very effective. In 1787 plans were made to revise it, but politicians decided to do away with the Articles, creating the US Constitution, instead.
The movement that happened last in Europe was the Enlightenment. During the Enlightenment, scholars and people produced scientific discoveries and numerous book & essays.
The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on molasses from six pence to three pence per gallon, while Grenville took measures that the duty be strictly enforced. The act also listed more foreign goods to be taxed including sugar, certain wines, coffee, pimiento, cambric and printed calico, and further, regulated the export of lumber and iron.
Shah Reza Pahlavi was a brutal dictator, but his departure did not mean Iran was more free. The Shah was pro-west, and would brutally crack down on any dissent. He was replaced by Ayatollah Khomeini, who helped to install a religous dictatorship in Iran. Everything that the Shah had stood for --- including the western world --- was now seen with open contempt by the government.
