Those countries were known as the "non-aligned nations." The Non-Aligned Movement was initiated by the leaders of Yugoslavia, India, Indonesia, Egypt and Ghana. Many other nations joined in their movement to keep free of commitments to the two superpowers, the USA and the USSR. At the Bandung Conference in 1955, twenty-nine nations were represented. The Belgrade Conference in 1961 was the first official summit of the Non-Aligned Movement. Member nations attending that conference were Afghanistan, Algeria, Burma, Cambodia, Ceylon, the Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, the Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen, and Yugoslavia. <span>Bolivia, Brazil, and Ecuador attended as observer nations. (Note also that Cuba was an original participant in the movement, but then ended up aligning with the USSR.)</span>
<span>Competition between Britain and other European powers led to wars
as they scrambled for territory. This include the Napoleonic Wars and the Seven
Years War. However, the British Empire also opened up the world for trade and
also granted its colonies independence.</span>
The sepoy mutiny was a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–58. A rumour spread among the sepoys that the grease used to lubricate the cartridges was a mixture of pigs’ and cows’ lard. This had hurt both Hindus' and Muslims' religious sentiments which was one of the causes of the sepoy mutiny of 1857.
The economic reason for the civil war was the taxes on imported and exported goods. The tariffs that the national government put on imported and exported goods affected the Southern economy, but benefited the Northern economy. This added tensions between the Union and the Southern states. The southern economy depended on selling cotton overseas, but the North had become very industrialized, and their profits went down when trading with England and other European countries was so easy, so the U.S. put taxes on importing and exporting goods to encourage trade between the sections of the country.
Slavery was the moral issue in the Civil War. Most people in the North
wanted to abolish slavery, while the Southern society and economy heavily depended on it. There were debate over whether new states entering the union should be slave or free, especially as in the years before the civil war, the number of Senators from slave and free states were equal, and each side wanted to prevent the other from having an advantage.
Company colonies (aka charter colonies) were specifically governed by a trade company authorized by the king. These had more independence in their government.
Proprietary colonies were appointed by the King to a proprietor to govern. These were responsible to the King.
