1. The American flag: symbolism
Symbolism refers to objects, traits, colors, animals, etc (anything with a physical existence) that stand for one meaning or several that are different from the actual meaning of the form of that physical "thing" or living being. For many, the American flag acts as a symbol of liberty and patriotism.
2. It was spring in the year 1930 and few of us had much hope left: setting
Setting refers to the time and place in which the story takes place. This sentence is an example of setting because it sets the time period: spring in the year 1930.
3. Boy meets girl; they fall in love; and get married: plot
The plot is the main events of a play, novel or film, that are related to each other in a sequence, such as in the given segment.
4. Boy meets girl; but does not get along with girl's parents: conflict
In literature, conflict is a clash, disagreement or struggle between two opposing groups or individuals, that often keeps the reader interested in the story.
5. All that glitters is not gold: theme
This sentence is an example of a theme because it can be considered as a message, piece of advice or life/universal lesson that we could implicitly find in a story.
6. Slim had thin lips like a lizard's and when he smiled, a gold tooth flashed suddenly in the light: characterization
Characterization is a literary device used for the construction of a fictional character. By describing Slim, and adding details to him, characterization is taking place.