The Bhakti Movement was a rapid growth of bhakti, the first departure in the later part of the 1st millennium CE, from Tamil Nadu in southern India with the Saiva Nayanars and the Vaisnavas Alvars. His ideas and practices inspired bhakti poetry and devotion throughout India throughout the 12th-18th CE century. The Alvars ("those immersed in God") were Vaishnavas poets-saints who roamed from temple to temple singing the praises of Vishnu. They established temple sites (Srirangam is one) and converted many people to Vaishnavism.
The movement has traditionally been regarded as a social reform, influential in Hinduism, and has provided an alternative individual pathway with a focus on spirituality, regardless of their birth caste or sex. Postmodern scholars question this traditional view and whether the Bhakti movement has always been a social reform or rebellion of any kind. They suggest Bhakti movement was a rebirth, rework and recontextualization of ancient Vedic traditions.
Bhakti includes the art of forgetting oneself and achieving liberation, but in this case it occurs through love for the divine world. A Bhakti apprentice does not have to believe this or that blindly. He doesn't slavishly adore this or that figure. Nor does he perform complicated rituals in order to obtain favors from "God". For him, the power of love is a concrete force that must be purified. It must be focused on the highest, and used for good. Furthermore, when used correctly, the energy of love goes hand in hand with adequate doses of rigor, severity and discipline.
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8. white league: Although sometimes linked to the secret vigilante groups of the Ku Klux Klan, as well as Knights of the White Camelia, the White League and other paramilitary groups of the later 1870s displayed significant differences. They operated openly, solicited coverage from newspapers, and the men's identities were generally known. The Red Shirts were a similar group, which was started in Mississippi in 1875 and active in South Carolina. They had a specific political goal: to overthrow the Reconstruction government. They directed their activities toward intimidation and removal of Northern and black Republican candidates and officeholders. Made up of well-armed Confederate veterans, they worked to turn Republicans out of office, disrupt their political organizations, and use force to intimidate and terrorize freedmen to keep them from the polls. Backers helped finance purchases of up-to-date arms, including Winchester rifles, Colt revolvers, and Prussian needle guns.
KKK:Six well-educated Confederate veterans from Pulaski, Tennessee, created the original Ku Klux Klan on December 24, 1865, during Reconstruction of the South after the Civil War. The Ku Klux Klan was one among a number of secret, oath-bound organizations using violence as a political weapon, including the Southern Cross, in New Orleans (1865), and the Knights of the White Camelia (1867), in Louisiana. Historians generally see the KKK as part of the post-Civil-War insurgent violence related not only to the high number of veterans in the population, but also to their effort to control the dramatically changed social situation by using extrajudicial means to restore white supremacy. In 1866, Mississippi Governor William L. Sharkey reported that disorder, lack of control, and lawlessness were widespread; in some states armed bands of Confederate soldiers roamed at will. The Klan used public violence against blacks as a method of intimidation. They burned houses and attacked and killed blacks, leaving their bodies on the roads.In an 1867 meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, Klan members gathered to try to create an hierarchical organization with local chapters reporting up the line of command to a national headquarters. Since most of the Klan's members were veterans, they were used to the hierarchical structure of the organization; however, the Klan never operated under this centralized structure. Local chapters and bands were highly independent. In an 1868 newspaper interview, Forrest stated that the Klan's primary opposition was to the Loyal Leagues, Republican state governments, people like Tennessee governor Brownlow, and other "carpetbaggers and scalawags." He argued that many southerners believed that blacks were voting for the Republican Party because they were being hoodwinked by the Loyal Leagues.
i only know 8 sorry
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Margaret Higgins Sanger was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term "birth control", opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Wikipedia
Born: September 14, 1879, Corning, NY
Died: September 6, 1966, Tucson, AZ
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First World War II ends.
Second India gains independence from the British.
Third East Pakistan is declared the independent nation of Bangladesh.
Fourth Corazon Aquino is elected president of the Philippines.
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The economy of North Korea is a centrally planned system, where the role of market allocation schemes is limited, though increasing. As of 2020 North Korea continues its basic adherence to a centralized command economy. ... China is North Korea's largest trading partner.
Country group: Low-income economy
Currency: North Korean won
GDP: $32.1 billion (nominal, 2018)
GDP by sector: agriculture: 22.5%; industry: 47...
