The Silk Road routes stretched from China through India, Asia Minor, up throughout Mesopotamia, to Egypt, the African continent, Greece, Rome, and Britain.
Simple, the Jews believed that the Massiah never came, while the Christians acknowledge Jesus Christ as the massiah.
It is the Free Labor System
Well, during this time period the Spanish, English and the French - among others - sought out to get three things; God, Gold and Glory ( known as the three G's). God was the spread of Christianity and other sub-religions of the anglican church. Gold, was the need and want for money. And glory stated the desire of power and dominance over the New World.
Hope this helps!