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meriva
3 years ago
5

Using your favorite imperative language, give an example of each of the following. (a) A lexical error, detected by the scanner

(b) A syntax error, detected by the parser (c) A static semantic error, detected by semantic analysis (d) A dynamic semantic error, detected by code generated by the compiler
Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Travka [436]3 years ago
8 0

Explanation:

a. int foo+; (foo+ is an invalid identifier because + is not a valid char in identifiers)

b. foo int; (Syntax error is any error where the syntax is invalid - either due to misplacement of words, bad spelling, missing semicolons etc.)

c. Static semantic error are logical errors. for e.g passing float as index of an array - arr[1.5] should be a SSE.

d. I think exceptions like NullReferenceException might be an example of DME. Not completely sure but in covariant returns that raise an exception at compile time (in some languages) might also come in this category. Also, passing the wrong type of object in another object (like passing a Cat in a Person object at runtime might qualify for DME.) Simplest example would be trying to access an index that is out of bounds of the array.

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Answer:

Here is the C++ program:

#include <iostream>  // to use input output functions

#include <cmath>  // to use math functions like sqrt()

#include <iomanip>  //to use setprecision method

using namespace std;   //to access objects like cin cout

int main ()  {  //start of main function

  double speedA;  //double type variable to store average speed of car A

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  int hour;  //int type variable to hold hour part of elapsed time

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cout << "Enter average speed of car A: " << endl;  //prompt user to enter the average speed of car A

cin >> speedA;   //reads the input value of average speed of car A from user

cout << "Enter average speed of car B: " << endl ;  //prompt user to enter the average speed of car B

cin >> speedB;   //reads the input value of average speed of car A from user

cout << "Enter elapsed time (in hours and minutes, separated by a space): " << endl;  //prompts user to enter elapsed time

cin>> hour >> minutes;    //reads elapsed time in hours and minutes

  mins = hour * 60;  //computes the minutes using value of hour

  hours = (minutes+mins)/60;     //computes hours using minutes and mins

distanceA = speedA * (hours);  // computes distance of car A

distanceB = speedB * (hours);   //computes distance of car B

   shortDistance =sqrt((distanceA * distanceA) + (distanceB * distanceB));   //computes shortest distance using formula √[(distanceA)² + (distanceB)²)]

cout << "The (shortest) distance between the cars is: "<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<shortDistance;

//display the resultant value of shortDistance up to 2 decimal places

Explanation:

I will explain the program with an examples:

Let us suppose that the average speeds of cars are:

speedA = 70

speedB = 55

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hour = 2

minutes = 30

After taking these input values the program control moves to the statement:

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Next

hours = (minutes+mins)/60;

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Now the next two statements compute distance of the cars:

distanceA = speedA * (hours);  

this becomes

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shortDistance = sqrt((distanceA * distanceA) + (distanceB * distanceB));

shortDistance = sqrt((175 * 175) + (137.5 * 137.5))

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shortDistance =  222.56

 

Hence the output is:

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