The correct answer is D. They were assumed by the wrtiers of the constitution to be necessary for the government to function.
The framers of the constitution understood well that the federal government needed certain powers in order to keep society running. When the federal government had very limited power, under the Articles of Confederation, it resulted in chaos and disunity. To fix this, the founders of the US Constitution ensured that the federal government had enough power to enforce laws in order to keep order in society.
