Answer:
Another effect of the spread of Islam was an increase in trade. Unlike early Christianity, Muslims were not reluctant to engage in trade and profit; Muhammad himself was a merchant. As new areas were drawn into the orbit of Islamic civilization, the new religion provided merchants with a safe context for trade.
The area is called the Artic Circle
foreshadowing provides hints as to what will happen. it is often difficult to spot, but is noticed if looked for.
