Low calorie food intake can lead to amenorrhea (loss of regular menstrual cycle) and protein deficiency.
What is amenorrhea and protein deficiency and its effects?
- Female athletes, find it difficult to meet energy and nutrient needs while maintaining a low fat or body weight considered optimal for sports performance. Thus, they often restrict energy intake(EI) to make weight goals.
- Low EI, combined with high levels of exercise, increases the risk of developing exercise-related menstrual dysfunction (ExMD) and poor bone health.
- ExMD can be high in physically active women, ranging from 0% to 60%, and occurs across a continuum from mild disruptions in menses (no ovulation or luteal phase deficiency) to oligomenorrhea (cycles ≥ 35 day) and amenorrhea (no menses for >90 day.
- Low energy availability (EA) (i.e., energy remaining for body functions after exercise training) may lead to menstrual dysfunction through a leptin-controlled pathway.
- In ExMD, females have low leptin levels that contribute to the disruption of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility via interference of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatile.
- Sequentially, the ovaries decrease production of estrogen and progesterone, the hormones responsible for triggering the lining and egg of the uterus to be shed (menstruation) resulting in abnormal menses.
- Adequate dietary protein is important for supporting physiological adaptations to exercise, there is a growing need to determine the protein requirements for pre-menopausal
- athletes that address the influence of endogenous and exogenous hormones and potential metabolic
- potential metabolic
interactions with different types of exercise.
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<u>Answer:
</u>
The data related to the effect of the fungus chemical on the cancer cells would support the hypothesis.
<u>Explanation:
</u>
- The effect of fungus chemical on non-cancerous cells can be devised or determined anytime.
- It is critical to determine the effect of the chemical on the cancer cells so as to prove the utility of the chemical and also its effectiveness.
- Clearly so, the data of the effect of fungus chemical and the efficiency of the chemical in killing the cancer cells would support the hypothesis.
To elevate the arm while applying pressure would be the next appropriate action.
<h3>What is venipuncture?</h3>
A process when blood is drawn from a vein using a needle, typically for laboratory examination. Venipuncture can also be used to treat some blood diseases by removing extra red blood cells from the blood.
The median cubital and cephalic veins are commonly used for venipuncture. The vein is punctured with a needle. The blood gathers into a tube or vial that is linked to the needle and is sealed. You take off the elastic band from your arm. After removing the needle, the area is bandaged to halt the bleeding. Pressure should be applied to a venipuncture site for at least 5 minutes.
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Answer:
b. False
Explanation:
Cardiac Output is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. It measures the amount of blood pumped by heart, specifically left ventricle in one minute. Left ventricle is chosen to calculate it because it is the one which pumps blood to the entire body.
While calculating cardiac output two components are taken. Heart rate is the measure of number of times heart beats per minute. It increases with increase in activity intensity as muscles require more energy. Normal resting heart rate range for an adult is 60-100 bpm. Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by left ventricle during each heart beat. It is estimated by other factors like blood pressure. If either heart rate or stroke volume or both increase, cardiac output will also increase.
