The correct chronology would be as follows:
The US government establishes the office of Indian trade. In 1806, Congress created the Office of Indian Trade, an office in charge of supervising the network of public Indian trading factories that the US had from 1795 to 1822. This office was closed in 1822 because of cases of corruption.
The Choctaw sign the treaty of dancing rabbit creek. The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek was a treaty signed in 1830 between the Choctaw Nation and the United States. This was the first removal treaty put into effect under the Indian Removal Act passed by President Andrew Jackson that same year. As a consequence of this act, the Creek ceded control of large part of their territory in what today is Mississippi in exchange for land in Indian Territory, today Oklahoma.
The Supreme Court rules in Worcester v. Georgia. Worcester v. Georgia was a legal case in which Chief Justice John Marshall ruled, in 1832, that the relationship between the American Indian Nations and the United States was that of nations; consequently, only the federal government, and not the governments of the individual states, had the power to deal with the American Indians.
The US government forces Seminole tribe to relocate from Florida to Indian territory. Per the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Seminole Nation was forced to relocate to Indian Territory. Some of the Seminoles were removed after signing the Treaty of Payne’s Landing in 1834. However, the majority of the nation declared the treaty illegitimate and refused to leave. This resulted in a struggle known as the Second Seminole War (1835–1842). As a consequence of this war, most of the Seminole Nation had to relocate from Florida to Indian Territory.
First, the Market Revolution—the shift from an agricultural economy to one based on wages and the exchange of goods and services—completely changed the northern and western economy between 1820 and 1860. After Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin and perfected manufacturing with interchangeable parts, the North experienced a manufacturing boom that continued well into the next century. Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical mower-reaper also revolutionized grain production in the West. Internal improvements such as the Erie Canal and the Cumberland Road, combined with new modes of transportation such as the steamboat and railroad, allowed goods and crops to flow easily and cheaply between the agricultural West and manufacturing North. The growth of manufacturing also spawned the wage labor system.
Second, American society urbanized drastically during this era. The United States had been a land comprised almost entirely of farmers, but around 1820, millions of people began to move to the cities. They, along with several million Irish and German immigrants, flooded northern cities to find jobs in the new industrial economy. The advent of the wage labor system played a large role in transforming the social fabric because it gave birth to America’s first middle class. Comprised mostly of white-collar workers and skilled laborers, this growing middle class became the driving force behind a variety of reform movements. Among these were movements to reduce consumption of alcohol, eliminate prostitution, improve prisons and insane asylums, improve education, and ban slavery. Religious revivalism, resulting from the Second Great Awakening, also had a large impact on American life in all parts of the country.
Third, the major political struggles during the antebellum period focused on states’ rights. Southern states were dominated by “states’ righters”—those who believed that the individual states should have the final say in matters of interpreting the Constitution. Inspired by the old Democratic-Republicans, John C. Calhoun argued in his “South Carolina Exposition and Protest” essay that the states had the right to nullify laws that they deemed unconstitutional because the states themselves had created the Constitution. Others, such as President Andrew Jackson and Chief Justice John Marshall, believed that the federal government had authority over the states. The debate came to a head in the Nullification Crisis of 1832–1833, which nearly touched off a civil war.
Answer: gold, copper, and iron ore.
They felt that Latin American ports were of greater strategic value than Pacific ports.
