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3 years ago

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An overhead projector enlarges the image on its glass by a scale factor of 4. A rectangle that is 3 inches wide and 7 inches lon

g on the glass is projected on a screen. What is the length of the rectangle on the screen?

1 answer:

qwelly [4]3 years ago

6 0

Just multiply the with and the length by four (considering the scale factor is 4)
3x4=12 and 7x4=28

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$\underbrace{y(7xy^2+6)}_{M(x,y)}\,\mathrm dx+\underbrace{x(xy^2-1)}_{N(x,y)}\,\mathrm dy=0$

For the ODE to be exact, we require that $M_y=N_x$ , which we'll verify is not the case here.

$M_y=21xy^2+6$
$N_x=2xy^2-1$

So we distribute an integrating factor $i(x,y)$ across both sides of the ODE to get

$iM\,\mathrm dx+iN\,\mathrm dy=0$

Now for the ODE to be exact, we require $(iM)_y=(iN)_x$ , which in turn means

$i_yM+iM_y=i_xN+iN_x\implies i(M_y-N_x)=i_xN-i_yM$

Suppose $i(x,y)=x^ry^s$ . Then substituting everything into the PDE above, we have

$x^ry^s(19xy^2+7)=rx^{r-1}y^s(x^2y^2-x)-sx^ry^{s-1}(7xy^3+6y)$
$19x^{r+1}y^{s+2}+7x^ry^s=rx^{r+1}y^{s+2}-rx^ry^s-7sx^{r+1}y^{s+2}-6sx^ry^s$
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so that our integrating factor is $i(x,y)=x^5y^{-2}$ . Our ODE is now

$(7x^6y+6x^5y^{-1})\,\mathrm dx+(x^7-x^6y^{-2})\,\mathrm dy=0$

Renaming $M(x,y)$ and $N(x,y)$ to our current coefficients, we end up with partial derivatives

$M_y=7x^6-6x^5y^{-2}$
$N_x=7x^6-6x^5y^{-2}$

as desired, so our new ODE is indeed exact.

Next, we're looking for a solution of the form $\Psi(x,y)=C$ . By the chain rule, we have

$\Psi_x=7x^6y+6x^5y^{-1}\implies\Psi=x^7y+x^6y^{-1}+f(y)$

Differentiating with respect to $y$ yields

$\Psi_y=x^7-x^6y^{-2}=x^7-x^6y^{-2}+\dfrac{\mathrm df}{\mathrm dy}$
$\implies\dfrac{\mathrm df}{\mathrm dy}=0\implies f(y)=C$

Thus the solution to the ODE is

$\Psi(x,y)=x^7y+x^6y^{-1}=C$

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Answer:

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