Secularism was a social movement that separates religion from the ordinary life in the middle age. Secularism rejects religious ideas that once dominated the European medieval times, such as the focus on God in everything, human condemnation, and permanent praying or meditation.
Secularism initiated as a confrontation or reaction to religious ideas in the medieval times in Europe. People realized that the human being was very important and had values that should be respected by the monarchies. This made possible a better recognition of human achievements in culture and arts.
The influence that secularism had on the Renaissance over politics can be found in the works of Niccolo Machiavelli. The ideas he expressed in “The Prince” were of the utmost influence in the Renaissance and it still is a very influential book in today’s politics.
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke also were part of political ideas during the Renaissance. Hobbes, with his theory of Social Contract, and Locke with his ideas in the Two Treatises of Government.
Rational decision making is a multi-step process for making choices between alternatives. The process of rational decision making favors logic, objectivity, and analysis over subjectivity and insight. The word “rational” in this context does not mean sane or clear-headed as it does in the colloquial sense.
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The number of helots in relation to Spartan citizens varied throughout the history of the Spartan state; according to Herodotus, there were seven helots for each Spartan at the time of the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. Thus the need to keep helot population in check and prevent rebellion was one of the main concerns of the Spartans. Helots were ritually mistreated, humiliated and even slaughtered: every autumn the Spartans would declare war on the helots so they could be killed by a member of the Crypteia without fear of religious repercussion. Uprisings and attempts to improve the lot of the helots did occur, such as the Conspiracy of Cinadon.
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<span>4. A profound desire to see the USSR standard of living increase
While Khrushchev introduced things like the perestroika to reform the economy, Gorbachev was about introducing human rights and liberating the presses through the Glasnost ideas. They both wanted to increase the standard of the Soviet people and give them more rights.</span>
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As he saw it, Louis XIV's most important characteristics were his tenacity for hard work and his wise selection of people capable of carrying out his work.
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