The answers are construction and mining. Mining and construction both involve things where there's a lot of dust and this can cause respiratory issues because prolonged exposure clogs and ruins your lungs and can cause cancer. Mining and usage of fossil fuels like coal also destroys the air with carbon monoxide which also ruins the atmosphere and harms respiratory organs.
C. The answer is C. Crucial means, something which is necessary, or mandatory.
Answer: However
"However," is a common transition because it relates the following idea to the previous one by implying that something you wouldn't expect given the information beforehand has occurred.
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It shows that people have always fought to be free from control of oppressive groups.