Enlightenment thinkers believed that human reason could lead to an understanding of all aspects of life. Philosophes and other thinkers believed that people had natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Women used reason to argue for equal rights and help spread Enlightenment ideas by hosting salons.
During the 1970's, America was going through major changes. New nations grew around the world, there were insurrectionary movements that looked forward to end existing governments, and settled countries increased their economic power, which represented a rival for the U.S.
In the social sphere, there was a rise of movements looking for equality (African-Americans, gay people and women), and anti-Vietnam war movements. In the political and economical field, high inflation, high energetic cost, difficulties to compete with low cost imports, and high unemployment rates represented major challenges for every president during this decade, and America's economy eventually got sunk into a deep recession.
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