Martin Luther was excommunicated becuase he was going against the Roman Catholic church. He was saying that you didn't need to pay indulgences to the Roman Catholic church just to get into heaven. All you had to do was believe that Jesus christ died on the cross to save our sins. So when he went against the Roman Catholic church, the pope was mad becuase if people started believing him, they would lose money.
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Answer:
in this article the author contrasts the past and the present and indicates there are fewer readers now then there were in the past
Explanation:
Answer:
While African resistance to European colonialism is often thought of in terms of a white and black/European and African power struggle, this presumption underestimates the complex and strategic thinking that Africans commonly employed to address the challenges of European colonial rule. It also neglects the colonial-era power dynamic of which African societies and institutions were essential components.
After the Berlin Conference of 1884–85, at which the most powerful European countries agreed upon rules for laying claim to particular African territories, the British, French, Germans, Italians, Spanish, Belgians, and Portuguese set about formally implementing strategies for the long-term occupation and control of Africa. The conquest had begun decades earlier—and in the case of Angola and South Africa, centuries earlier. But after the Berlin Conference it became more systematic and overt.
The success of the European conquest and the nature of African resistance must be seen in light of Western Europe's long history of colonial rule and economic exploitation around the world. In fact, by 1885 Western Europeans had mastered the art of divide, conquer, and rule, honing their skills over four hundred years of imperialism and exploitation in the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. In addition, the centuries of extremely violent, protracted warfare among themselves, combined with the technological advances of the Industrial Revolution, produced unmatched military might. When, rather late in the period of European colonial expansion, Europeans turned to Africa to satisfy their greed for resources, prestige, and empire, they quickly worked their way into African societies to gain allies and proxies, and to co-opt the conquered kings and chiefs, all to further their exploits. Consequently, the African responses to this process, particularly the ways in which they resisted it, were complex.
Answer:
B. They paid more in taxes than other people.
Explanation:
According to Muslim religion, the dhimmis are people who practice any Abrahamic religion. Dhimmies were exempted from millitary and paying the <em>Zakat</em>, a religious tax, but were obliged to pay two taxes: <em>Jizya</em>, a per capita tax, and the <em>Kharaj</em>, a tax for landowning. They were allowed to practice its religions with restrictions.
Socially speaking, dhimmis were below muslims and just above slaves. Hence, correct answer is B.
Your answers A, B and D.
He rises in the French army after the beginning of the Revolution,
He helps put down a royalist uprising in Paris.
He takes command of a new French army in Italy.
He was forced to live on the island of Elba.
