During WWII, Japan was part of the Axis Powers together with Germany and Italy. These nations opposed the Allied Powers formed by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the U.S. and China.
The Axis Powers recognized German domination over almost all continental Europe; Italian one over the Mediterranian Sea; and Japanese one over East Asia and the Pacific. They wanted their territory expanded by military conquests in order to establish empires. They also wanted the post WWI order removed as well as the Soviet Union destroyed.
They are all responsibilities of U.S. citizens. They are not rights because they are considered mandatory. An example of a right would be freedom of speech or the right to bear arms.
the economic proposition that taxes on businesses and the wealthy in society should be reduced as a means to stimulate business investment in the short term and benefit society at large in the long term.
I think it is the last one (establishment of the supreme court) because the stuff that the paragraph said was relating to how the king could make his own laws to stay in power, so they needed a thing to prevent that in America.