Answer:
The formula for specific gravity, given that the reference substance is water, is the density of the object divided by the density of the water.
The neuronal membrane potential depends on different concentrations of sodium and potassium on either side of the membrane. Ionic concentration gradients are established by the action of the sodium-potassium ion pump, an enzyme that requires ATP. Without ATP, the pump will not function. As a result, the resting membrane potential will not exist and the brain will not function.
What is neuronal membrane?
The neuron and its ionic components can be treated using the ideas mentioned above.
The neuron's plasma membrane is only minimally permeable to Cl and Na+ and extremely permeable to K+. A balance between a high concentration of Na+ and a high concentration of Cl, as well as modest amounts of impermeant anions like bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate, is what keeps the extracellular fluid's electroneutrality. The concentration of Cl in the cytoplasm, where K+ concentration is high, is substantially lower than what is required to balance the sum of the positive charges. There, negatively charged impermeant proteins and phosphates keep the environment electroneutral.
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Answer:
Having the light reaction components in close proximity speeds up the process. Electrons move from one protein to the next in sequence. If the proteins had to 'swim' around to find the next part of the electron transport chain, then the ATP would form at a much slower, inefficient rate.
Answer: Depending on the subject, friction can cause heat, slow acceleration, or erode something.
