What is Sickle cell anemia?
Sickle cell is an autosomal recessive trait of humans that arises through mutation in normal gene. The gene for this trait is found in recessive form and you need two copies of the gene - one from father and one from mother- to have the trait expressed. If the trait is expressed it causes a disease called sickle cell anemia.
People with the sickle cell anemia disease have red blood cells of crescent or sickle shape. The red blood cells of this shape can cause many complications in body. They get stuck in blood vessels and cause pain. They also die quickly and make a person anemic (pale).
Probability to have a child with sickle cell anemia:
If a mother is normal but a father is carrier for the trait, then the situation will be as:
Here N indicate normal allele, S indicate allele for sickle cell anemia.
Mother ˣ Father
NN NS
Gametes: N N N S
Offspring: NN NS NN NS
50% : Normal
50% : Carrier
0% : Sickle cell anemia
It means that 50 % kids will be normal and 50% will be carrier for the trait and none of the offspring will have disease Sickle cell anemia.
However, those who are carriers can carry the disease to the next offspring if they are married to a carrier or a person with sickle cell anemia.
I think the correct answer among the choices listed above is option C. The correct order of events in the healing of cuts is vessel constriction, platelet plug formation, net formation by fibrin threads. Hope this answers the question.
Answer:
B. They can release harmful toxins
As electrons fall from photosystem ii to photosystem i, the cytochrome complex uses the energy to pump ions. this builds a proton gradient that is used in chemiosmosis to produce ATP.
In plants and cyanobacteria, a two-step mechanism known as noncyclic photophosphorylation results in the direct production of ATP and NADPH during photosynthesis. High-energy electrons exiting photosystem II are used in the noncyclic photophosphorylation process just outlined to produce ATP, which is then transferred to photosystem I to promote the creation of NADPH.
For every pair of electrons that move from H2O to NADP+ to create a molecule of NADPH, this results in the production of slightly more than one molecule of ATP.
To learn more about photophosphorylation click here
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