Answer:
Logical fallacy "D. Correlation proves causation" is the correct answer showed in the sentences.
Explanation:
In argumentation, a logical fallacy is an error in reasoning which makes argument invalid. In this case, the example shows the statistic fallacy "Correlation does not imply causation". This means that cause and effect can't be deduce just because of the relationship of two variables. The solely association between two events is not enough to explain which the causes are.
The passages mentioned are not listed in the question. I will give a clear distinction between arguments and explanations, the knowledge of this will help in providing answers to the question.
An explanation is an attempt to provide a cause or reason for a conclusion. It helps to provide reasons why a conclusion is made.
For example in the conclusion, "John will fail his exam", the writer can give a simple explanation to support his claim.
"The reason why i believe John will fail his exam is that he has not prepared well enough for it." is a simple explanation to support the above conclusion.
An argument is an attempt to provide an evidence in support of a conclusion.
This is done when the response of your audience is that of doubt an unbelief.
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