The factor being tested is the variable. There are two types of variables, independent and dependent. The independent variable is the factor being changed by the scientist or the person controlling the experiment. The dependent variable is the thing that gets changed due to the changing of the independent variable. The dependent variable cannot be changed physically by the person doing the experiment.
Natural Selection could produce new variations of body parts.
Formation of the Earth's Atmosphere. The early Earth was very different from our Earth today. The early Earth experienced frequent impacts from asteroids and meteorites and had much more frequent volcanic eruptions. There was no life on Earth for the first billion years because the atmosphere was not suitable for life.
Severe low back pain and bruising along his flank