The map and the globe both represent the same things, just that the maps come as flat surfaces, while the globes provide representations in spherical manner. They are actually much more similar than different, but there are still some basic differences that are worth mentioning.
The maps are simplified drawings, representations, on flat surface, coming in numerous different types of projections, some of which are more accurate, some less. The globes on the other hand are simplified representations in spherical manner, thus being able to capture the original shape of a space object better.
The maps come in numerous different projections. In general, the maps tend to have distortions, especially as the latitudes become higher, which is why they give us bad representation of the places that are further away from the Equator. The globes use mostly one projection. Because they have roughly the same shape as the object they represent, they do not have the distortions that the maps have, so they are more accurate.
