Answer:
d. All of the above are limited jurisdiction courts.
Explanation:
Probate courts have limited jurisdiction surrounding a person's death, such as matters regarding the settlement of the deceased person's assets.
Small claims courts have limited jurisdiction to hear minor civil claims between private litigants.
Federal courts can only hear cases authorized by the United States Constitution or federal statutes, therefore limited.
Because the framers of the United States Constitution (written in 1787) believed that protecting property rights relating to inventions would encourage the new nation’s economic growth, they gave Congress—the national legislature—a constitutional mandate to grant patents for inventions. The resulting patent system has served as a model for those in other nations. Recently, however, scholars have questioned whether the American system helped achieve the framers’ goals. These scholars have contended that from 1794 to roughly 1830, American inventors were unable to enforce property rights because judges were “anticipate” and routinely invalidated patents for arbitrary reasons. This argument is based partly on examination of court decisions in cases where patent holders (“patentees”) brought suit alleging infringement of their patent rights. In the 1820s, for instance, 75 percent of verdicts were decided against the patentee. The proportion of verdicts for the patentee began to increase in the 1830s, suggesting to these scholars that judicial attitudes toward patent rights began shifting then.
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Answer:
take economics and government classes
Explanation:
I'm taking it right now and its pretty easy and you will have lots of fun learning about it
