Explain the need for a reference point when describing the direction of motion

What part of cellular respiration produces the most ATP molecules?

wel

The answer is B. because the electron transport chains produces the most atp.

3 0

2 years ago

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5. What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplast?

FinnZ [79.3K]

Answer:

C. Mitochondria convert sugars into energy, while chloroplasts carry out

photosynthesis.

Explanation:

Chloroplasts have the ability to use light to convert carbon, derived from carbon dioxide into sugar. Mitochondria on their part break down simple sugars into carbon dioxide and release energy. Chloroplasts are larger and have greater complexity than mitochondria, and they have several critical functions to perform, besides the generation of ATP. Apart from converting carbon dioxide to carbohydrates they synthesize amino acids, fatty acids, and the lipid contained in their own membranes.

Mitochondria are to be found in both plant and animal cells, whereas chloroplasts are found only in plant cells. The former have a structure composed of a prokaryotic cell, whereas Chlorplasts are made up of stacks of thylakoids surrounded by a fluid called stroma. According to some theories, mitochondria exist because of endocytosis of aerobic bacteria, while chloroplasts are around because of the result of endocytosis of photosynthetic bacteria.

Chloroplasts exist only in plant cells and lend the green color of most plants. Mitochondria on the other hand are found in both animal and plant cells and are engaged in the production of ATP. To use simple layman language, mitochondria in animal cells changes energy into forms that animals can use, while chloroplasts in plant cells convert sunlight into energy that plants can use. From this it follows that mitochondria in a sense are the power plant in the animal cells, because it generates energy. Chloroplasts provide the green color to the plant due to the chlorophyll present in them.

Mitochondria cells are 1 to 10 um long in length. These can change shapes, get around, and divide into two. The cell is surrounded by an envelope of two membranes. The membrane on the outside is smooth while the other one is marked by what are called cristae.

Photosynthesis happens only in plants. This is because only plants contain chloroplasts. Thus we can see that mitochondria and chloroplasts are the building blocks of life for plants and animals respectively in the sense that they provide nourishment to the organisms. The two are also representative of the dividing line between the two kingdoms of life on earth-the animal and the plant.

These two structures are markers of two philosophies of life form if one may use the use the term. One that is self sustaining, manufacturing its own food, the other that is dependent upon the former as the primary source of food, but far more complex and evolved way of life in many other aspects.

4 0

2 years ago

In which case would facilitated diffusion be needed?

melomori [17]

Answer:

The voltage-gated potassium channels associated with an action potential provide an example of what type of membrane transport?

A. Simple diffusion.

B.<u> Facilitated diffusion. </u>

C. Coupled transport.

D. Active transport.

You are studying the entry of a small molecule into red blood cells. You determine the rate of movement across the membrane under a variety of conditions and make the following observations:

i. The molecules can move across the membrane in either direction.

ii. The molecules always move down their concentration gradient.

iii. No energy source is required for the molecules to move across the membrane.

iv. As the difference in concentration across the membrane increases, the rate of transport reaches a maximum.

The mechanism used to get this molecule across the membrane is most likely:

A. simple diffusion.

<u>B. facilitated diffusion. </u>

C. active transport.

D. There is not enough information to determine a mechanism.

Carrier proteins - exist in two conformations, altered by high affinity binding of the transported molecule. Moves material in either direction, down concentration gradient (facilitated diffusion). EXAMPLE: GluT1 erythrocyte glucose transporter.

Channel proteins - primarily for ion transport. Form an aqueous pore through the lipid bilayer. May be gated. Moves material in either direction, down concentration gradient (facilitated diffusion). EXAMPLES: Voltage-gated sodium channel, erytrhocyte bicarbonate exchange protein.

This might be helpful... because I don't know anything about facilitated diffusion.

5 0

2 years ago

Can anyone tell me the correct answer please

Cloud [144]

The correct answer would in fact be C

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2 years ago

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I need help with modeling a carbon cycle, do you mind helping me? :)

madam [21]

Explanation:

The Carbon Cycle

The element carbon is a part of seawater, the atmosphere, rocks such as limestone and coal, soils, as well as all living things. On our dynamic planet, carbon is able to move from one of these realms to another as a part of the carbon cycle.

Carbon moves from the atmosphere to plants. In the atmosphere, carbon is attached to oxygen in a gas called carbon dioxide (CO2). Through the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is pulled from the air to produce food made from carbon for plant growth.

Carbon moves from plants to animals. Through food chains, the carbon that is in plants moves to the animals that eat them. Animals that eat other animals get the carbon from their food too.

Carbon moves from plants and animals to soils. When plants and animals die, their bodies, wood and leaves decays bringing the carbon into the ground. Some is buried and will become fossil fuels in millions and millions of years.

Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere. Each time you exhale, you are releasing carbon dioxide gas (CO2) into the atmosphere. Animals and plants need to get rid of carbon dioxide gas through a process called respiration.

Carbon moves from fossil fuels to the atmosphere when fuels are burned. When humans burn fossil fuels to power factories, power plants, cars and trucks, most of the carbon quickly enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas. Each year, five and a half billion tons of carbon is released by burning fossil fuels. Of this massive amount, 3.3 billion tons stays in the atmosphere. Most of the remainder becomes dissolved in seawater.

Carbon moves from the atmosphere to the oceans. The oceans, and other bodies of water, absorb some carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon is dissolved into the water.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and traps heat in the atmosphere. Without it and other greenhouse gases, Earth would be a frozen world. But since the start of the Industrial Revolution about 150 years ago humans have burned so much fuel and released so much carbon dioxide into the air that global climate has risen over one degree Fahrenheit. The atmosphere has not held this much carbon for at least 420,000 years according to data from ice cores. The recent increase in amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide is having a significant impact on the warming of our planet.

Carbon moves through our planet over longer time scales as well. For example, over millions of years weathering of rocks on land can add carbon to surface water which eventually runs off to the ocean. Over long time scales, carbon is removed from seawater when the shells and bones of marine animals and plankton collect on the sea floor. These shells and bones are made of limestone, which contains carbon. When they are deposited on the sea floor, carbon is stored from the rest of the carbon cycle for some amount of time. The amount of limestone deposited in the ocean depends somewhat on the amount of warm, tropical, shallow oceans on the planet because this is where prolific limestone-producing organisms such as corals live. The carbon can be released back to the atmosphere if the limestone melts or is metamorphosed in a subduction zone.

6 0

2 years ago