<span><span>Equiano was an African writer whose experiences as a slave prompted him to become involved in the British abolition movement.
In his autobiography, Olaudah Equiano writes that he was born in the Eboe province, in the area that is now southern Nigeria. He describes how he was kidnapped with his sister at around the age of 11, sold by local slave traders and shipped across the Atlantic to Barbados and then Virginia.
In the absence of written records it is not certain whether Equiano's description of his early life is accurate. Doubt also stems from the fact that, in later life, he twice listed a birthplace in the Americas.
Apart from the uncertainty about his early years, everything Equiano describes in his extraordinary autobiography can be verified. In Virginia he was sold to a Royal Navy officer, Lieutenant Michael Pascal, who renamed him 'Gustavus Vassa' after the 16th-century Swedish king. Equiano travelled the oceans with Pascal for eight years, during which time he was baptised and learned to read and write.
Pascal then sold Equiano to a ship captain in London, who took him to Montserrat, where he was sold to the prominent merchant Robert King. While working as a deckhand, valet and barber for King, Equiano earned money by trading on the side. In only three years, he made enough money to buy his own freedom. Equiano then spent much of the next 20 years travelling the world, including trips to Turkey and the Arctic.
In 1786 in London, he became involved in the movement to abolish slavery. He was a prominent member of the 'Sons of Africa', a group of 12 black men who campaigned for abolition.
In 1789 he published his autobiography, 'The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African'. He travelled widely promoting the book, which became immensely popular, helped the abolitionist cause, and made Equiano a wealthy man. It is one of the earliest books published by a black African writer.
In 1792, Equiano married an Englishwoman, Susanna Cullen, and they had two daughters. Equiano died on 31 March 1797.</span><span>
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<span>A small group of people. The idea of an oligarchy is that a select handful of people essentially form all of the power over a body of people. It's almost like a dictatorship only with a couple more people added to the top of the chain rather than just an individual. The citizens abiding under an oligarchy have no say or voting power in the process or ruling.</span>
<u>Explanation</u>:
Another method of encryption of messages is the Substitution cipher text which involves swapping each letter of a plaintext by a different symbol as programmed by the key.
One of the popular ways to <em>decrypt</em> substitution cipher is to <u>follow this steps</u>:
- Scan through the cipher, looking for single-letter words.
- Count how many times each word or letter appears in the puzzle.
- Write your guesses over the ciphertext.
- Look for apostrophes. ...
- Look for repeating letter patterns
Answer:
The concept of "lost generation" was introduced into circulation by the American writer Gertrude Stein. Shortly after Ernest Hemingway, a close friend of Stein, included the expression in the epigraph of Fiesta novel, it took on a broader meaning, referring to young people who matured on the fronts of the World War and became disillusioned with the post-war world. This also affected writers who realized that former literary norms were inappropriate, and the old writing styles became obsolete. Many of them emigrated to Europe and worked there until the era of the Great Depression. One of the most famous writers of the lost generation and another icon of the sixties was Ernest Hemingway. Another well-known representative of the lost generation was Francis Scott Fitzgerald. In poetry, the ideology of the lost generation was anticipated by Thomas Sterns Eliot, whose themes in his early poems were loneliness, homelessness, and the inferiority of man.
That decade, dubbed the "fat" or "silent" fifties, was a time of prosperity, the rapid growth of the middle class (the so-called white-collar workers), and consumerism. Consumerism was most vividly addressed in the novels of Erich Maria Remarque and Don Delillo - the culture of consumerism became the object of their irony.
Explanation:
