It really depends on your type of data, if it's sensitive data or not. And it also depends on what type of backup (Incremental, Decremental, etc.). But you should aim to backup at least once a week, and also do a backup of your original backup.
Answer:
a. Checksum
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the field that represents this information is called the Checksum. Like mentioned in the question this refers to a value that represents the amount of bits in a certain transmission message. This is done in order to make sure that the amount of bits that were sent match the amount that were received in order to make sure that no data was lost in transit that would cause high-level errors.
Simplex, simplex, and half duplex.
Hope this helps!!