A. Many students have jobs, and an extended school day would interfere with their work schedules.
This is a reasonable counterclaim to this claim. There is a direct cause and effect between extending the school day and student work schedules. Option B does not have a direct interaction between the two topics. The extended school day has nothing to do with the curriculum the teachers are teaching. Option C is also not a reasonable counterclaim, because it only is a problem if the school day started earlier. An easy rebuttal would be that the school day would be extended into the afternoon, not the morning. Option D is completely irrelevant to the issue.
I'm not sure but here's the definition of Parallel Structure. ( Using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance). You can go with either the first or second sentence that's my opinion but I'm really not 100% sure. Sorry I couldn't been more helpful. I tried
