So the New Wngland colonies are agreat example for this. Massachusetts for example had particularly rocky soil and cold, long winters so crops did not really grow as well as they would have say, in New York or in Virginia. So while there were some small, family farms, the biggest industries in Massachusetts were ship building, fishing, and trading.
"b.After 1848 the only remaining monarch in Europe was in Britain" was not an effect of the 1848 nationalist revolutions, since many other monarchs remained.