Answer: The government gave them to railroad companies for development.
Explanation:
The United States government used part of the public domain land to aid and support the construction of railroads.
Private banks were hesitant to grant money to railroad companies because they would probably take lots of time to pay it off. That´s why Congress granted land to the railroad companies. Four out of the five transcontinental railroads were created with aid from the federal government. This contributed to a faster settlement of the West.
Answer:
Mohs hardness, rough measure of the resistance of a smooth surface to scratching or abrasion, expressed in terms of a scale devised (1812) by the German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs. The Mohs hardness of a mineral is determined by observing whether its surface is scratched by a substance of known or defined hardness.
Related Topics: hardness
To give numerical values to this physical property, minerals are ranked along the Mohs scale, which is composed of 10 minerals that have been given arbitrary hardness values. The minerals contained in the scale are shown in the Table; also shown are other materials that approximate the hardness of some of the minerals. As is indicated by the ranking in the scale, if a mineral is scratched by orthoclase but not by apatite, its Mohs hardness is between 5 and 6. In the determination procedure it is necessary to be certain that a scratch is actually made and not just a “chalk” mark that will rub off. If the species being tested is fine-grained, friable, or pulverulent, the test may only loosen grains without testing individual mineral surfaces; thus, certain textures or aggregate forms may hinder or prevent a true hardness determination. For this reason the Mohs test, while greatly facilitating the identification of minerals in the field, is not suitable for accurately gauging the hardness of industrial materials such as steel or ceramics. (For these materials a more precise measure is to be found in the Vickers hardness or Knoop hardness) Another disadvantage of the Mohs scale is that it is not linear; that is, each increment of one in the scale does not indicate a proportional increase in hardness. For instance, the progression from calcite to fluorite (from 3 to 4 on the Mohs scale) reflects an increase in hardness of approximately 25 percent; the progression from corundum to diamond, on the other hand (9 to 10 on the Mohs scale), reflects a hardness increase of more than 300 percent.
The US government played a huge role in the American economy during World War I. One way in which they controlled the economy was through the War Industry Board. This government agency monitored the production of war related goods and raw materials as well as being able to tell companies how much of a product they needed to make. This agency even had the power to fix prices if they saw it as necessary.
Another group that was critical during this time was the war labor board. This agency worked to settle labor disputes between business owners and workers. This agency was critical, as any strikes by labors in important industries could greatly affect the resources available for the US military.
Lastly, the US food administration was another key government group that helped during the war effort. This agency focused on increasing agricultural output (aka food) and reducing the amount of waste. This group used advertisements to encourage American citizens to cut back on food such as bread so that there were more resources available for the war effort.
The Counter-Reformation was successful in certain areas. For instance, it was largely able to eliminate the spread of Protestantism in Austria and France. These two areas had large numbers of Protestants during the Reformation, but their numbers had severely dwindled by the end of the Thirty Years' War.
