<u>The answer is Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</u>, an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music that was born in 1525. In 1562, when he was 37 years old, the Council of Trent was about to suppress choral music in the Catholic Church when Palestrina presented three masses he had written with the hope of introducing a new style of music that would be more appropriate for the liturgy. One of them, <em><u>the famous Missa Papae Marcelli (Mass of Pope Marcellus, who occupied the throne of San Pedro only three weeks) was elected by the Council of Cardinals</u></em> who considered that it perfectly responded to his purposes, and when it was sung in the presence of the Pope Pius IV, he also accepted it and the Council proposal was abandoned. <u>This is the reason why Palestrina is called "Saviour of Church Music" during the reforms of the Council of Trent.</u>
The correct answer is A) Providing for rule by a single individual in cases of national emergency.
The constitution of Weimar Germany helped to undermine the republican form of government by providing for rule by a single individual in cases of national emergency.
After World War I, the creation of the Weimer Republic seemed to be a decent solution to Germany's problems. It tried to instill some democratic principles and a proper form of government, but it happened differently.
The Great Depression affected Germany. The Weimar Republic lived heavy inflation in the decade of 1920 because Germany had to pay many reparations due to World War 1 and the agreements of the Versailles Pact. The Weimar Republic decided to borrow money from the United States instead of collect more taxes on its citizens. The government cut spending and the interests paid to the US worsened the poor economic situation in Germany. This situation created frustrated and angry people ready to accepts the radical ideas of the Nazi Party and Adolph Hitler.
The golden age of Islam was the era that started with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 700CEs.
<h3>What was the golden age of Islam?</h3>
As also known as the Islamic Golden Age refers to the peak period of the Islamic nation that begins in the 700 CE with the overthrow of the Damascus based dynasty and the rise of the Abb-asid cali-phate.
The end of the era of golden age of islam was adjudged to be during the 1258 CE when the Mongol armies of Genghis conquered and sacked Baghdad, the Abbasid capital.
In the political, cultural and economic aspect, the civilization achievement includes use of astronomy for navigation for religious practices like finding the direction of Mecca for prayer and creating a calendar.
The era also invented technology like the quadrant and astrolabe and built observatories to study the sky. They studied Greek, Indian, and Chinese mathematics including geometry and trigonometry.
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China and Japan share various cultural ideas with each
other. With their geographical proximity, they have continued to influence one
another. However, despite their similarities, there are also ways which these
two nations differ, and that is their view of the white man from the west.
Both China and Japan confronted challenges from Western
imperial powers and ended up signing unequal treaties with the West. However,
one stark difference in their reaction to these unequal treaties. The Japanese government,
currently under the Meiji regime chose to develop themselves through Westernization
in Japan. The Qing government, on the other hand, decided to keep the
traditional Chinese values and institutions in China. China’s efforts at
reforms were focused on dealing with the traditional methods to the growing western
influence in the country. Chinese cultural pride was profoundly ingrained in
their mindset that it turned into an impediment. It blinded numerous Chinese,
stopping them from identifying the requirement for fundamental change and to assimilate
new information from the west. Unlike China, Japanese efforts then was to
understand and recreate foreign technology to meet their military and
industrial requirements. These endeavors proved to be successful. The Meiji
then saw that military technology and industrialization could not be removed
from institutional structures that created these developments in the West. They
displayed minor hesitation in altering or ending traditional institutions for
those that could give Japan the modernity it needed to prosper as nation.
In conclusion, the Meiji Restoration was the Japanese’
success in assimilating western idea to their traditional way of things.
Proving that opening themselves for criticisms and help from western power
could be used to empower themselves.
Independence movements in Kenya: led by Jomo Kenyatta, violent Mau Mau rebellion led to independence
Independence movement in Ghana: led by Kwame Nkrumah
Both: were former British colonies and became independent after 1945. Ghana became independent in 1957 and Kenya in 1963. There was peaceful transition of power
